Hi Moiz.
1) A prosthetic group is a tightly or covalently bound group to the apoprotein to allow for proper enzyme function.It can involve either. An example of a prosthetic group can be vitamins, which are both coenzyme and cofactor.
2) I am not sure what the question is asking in the actual book. #14 in ICE is not about secondary structure, but this is my take to your question: Hydrogen bonds can also exist in the R groups as well. Any time there is a F,O or N attached to hydrogen, it can have the potential for hydrogen bonding.
3) I am also a bit puzzled...For this question, the Km has increased from 1.0 x 10^-6 to 1.2 x 10^-6 while the Vmax had halved. If there was no change in Vmax, I would have said this is competitive, but its not the case... It should be mixed, I believe. It might be a typo.
4) The solutions to the course companion can be found in the back of the book.
Hope that helps, and happy studying!