Hi Molly,

Thanks for this!

I thought I heard it in the med reels video 2.05.17: Nephron Function (Bio/Biochem CC2 > Lesson 5: Digestion and Excretion). At about 1 minute and 50 seconds in... I may be completely misunderstanding what the instructor said, though! Especially because your explanation makes a whole lot of sense.

Thanks again.

Hello!

I have a question about osmoregulation in the kidneys.

I understand why the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is more concentrated than the primary filtrate (from the Bowman's capsule). But how does this not affect osmolarity? Our book says that it stays the same. If the filtrate is more concentrated, wouldn't that mean that osmolarity would increase?

Thanks for the help!

Hello!

There was a question related to the ETC on the Altius 3 exam. To get the question correct you have to know that NADH pumps 10 protons and FADH2 pumps 2. (They say this explicitly in the explanation video).

I'm confused because I thought that NADH pumps 3 whereas FADH2 pumps 2 (page 35 in CC1).

Hello!

The potential answers for a question on an AAMC exam include: B) social and cultural capital and C) cultural values and norms.

What is the difference between the 2?