Hi Josh,
For this question, recall that a precipitation reaction is governed by a Ksp, or the equilibrium constant for precipitation. From this question, I would infer from the options given that the question is asking for me to find what the Ksp of this reaction is (as all of these look like Ksp expressions).
To get this Ksp, we need to write the precipitation reaction with Ca^2+ and PO4^2-.
The unbalanced equation would be as follows:
Ca^2+ + PO4^3- --> CaPO4
We need our salt to be overall neutral, so we need to multiply the charges by coefficients x and y to get the stoichiometry of the reaction, getting the equation:
xCa^2+ + yPO4^3- --> CaxPO4y
0 = 2x - 3y, where 2 and 3 are the charges on Ca and PO4 respectively, and x and y are stoichiometric coefficients.
We can then realize that x = 3 and y = 2 would be the lowest numbers satisfying this system, giving the balanced equation:
3Ca^2+ + 2PO4^3- --> Ca(3)(PO4)(2)
The Ksp stands for the solubility product and it describes the max amount of salt dissolved in solution, so we'll look at the reverse reaction (to skip this step, just remember the ion concentration is on top for Ksp).
Ca(3)(PO4)(2) --> 3Ca^2+ + 2PO4^2-
Ksp = [Ca^2+]^3[PO4^3-]^2
Please let me know if this is unclear!