Hi Michelle,
1. Yes; beta oxidation of fatty acids results in release of FADH2, NADH, and acetylCOA, which will result in production of ATP from oxidative- and substrate-level phosphorylation :)
2. The carbonyl group situated next to the amine group makes it have a slightly lower pKa than the basic amino acids we work with. Therefore, it is neutral, and will not participate in acid-base chemistry for our purposes.
3. Usually, with the help with enzymes. On its own, peptide bonds require YEARS to break.
4. If we look at the Gibbs energy equation, you will find that it would be favourable (negative delta G) if the entropy was large and positive. Increase entropy is associated with "disorder" but in this case, disorder is the natural state of things, and what it would want to move towards.
Hope this helps!